The themes developed are based on newways of data capture leading to data analysis orders of magnitude larger than anything hitherto in this field and at even finer scales, new ideas about the intrinsic complexity of the systems that we are dealing with and the limits to prediction, agent-based models of how individuals move and perceive their environments which are reflected in new ideas about transportation systems and new idea about measuring nearness in terms of accessibility, and new ways of incorporating time and dynamics in our models. The way the editors have put together these chapters which are drawn from a wide and active community of scholars, reflects these concerns. These are largely due to demographic, technological and behavioural change which are driving new problems and the need for new methods, as well as the enormous v, vi Foreword changes that have taken place in our ability to collect, process and visualise digital data. In fact, the concerns here are with major extensions of analysis and modelling which reflect new themes in geographical thinking that are resulting from changes in our perceptions of city systems. In this collection of papers, however, the authors use the term ‘‘geospatial’’ to ground their systems of interest geographical conceptions of cities and regions, but they also show how many of the advances over the last 40 years are now part of the background knowledge that constitutes this field. Moreover, the focus has become more explicitly geographical although the term spatial still has a wider usage for many of the statistics and models that form the arsenal of techniques in this area are applicable to spatial systems other than the obvious geographies – such as ecologies, climatic regimes, and even astronomies. In the intervening years, spatial analysis has broadened to embrace both inductive and deductive approaches, often combining both in different mixes for the variety of problems to which it is now applied. Here the focus was on translating prior theory into forms for generating testable predictions whose outcomes could be compared with observations about some system or phenomenon of interest. In parallel but using very different techniques came the development of a more deductive style of analysis based on modelling and thence simulation. The perspective taken on such analytical thinking was founded on induction, the search for pattern in data with a view to suggesting appropriate hypotheses which could subsequently be tested. Early applications of spatial correlation tended to reflect geographical patterns expressed as points. The concept of spatial auto- correlation took pride of place, mirroring concerns in time-series analysis about similar kinds of dependence known to distort the standard probability theory used to derive appropriate statistics. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (Foreword A Coming of Age: Geospatial Analysis and Modelling in the Early Twenty First Century Forty years ago when spatial analysis first emerged as a distinct theme within geography’s quantitative revolution, the focus was largely on consistent methods for measuring spatial correlation. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
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SE-801 76 Gävle USA Sweden email is hidden email is hidden ISSN 0924-5499 ISBN 978-9-9 e-ISBN 978-9-6 DOI 10.1007/978-9-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010922459 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V.
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Sui, College Station, USA Founding Series Editor: Wolf Tietze, Helmstedt, Germany Editorial Board: Paul Claval, France Yehuda Gradus, Israel Sam Ock Park, South Korea Herman van der Wusten, The Netherlands For further volumes:, Bin Jiang l Xiaobai Yao Editors Geospatial Analysis and Modelling of Urban Structure and Dynamics Foreword by Michael Batty, Editors Bin Jiang Xiaobai Yao University of Gävle Department of Geography Department of Technology and University of Georgia Built Environment Athens GA 30602 Division of Geomatics Room 204, GG Bldg. Geospatial Analysis and Modelling of Urban Structure and Dynamics, The GeoJournal Library Volume 99 Managing Editor: Daniel Z.